Guddiga Agaasimayaasha Sanduuqa Awqaafta McKnight ee Neuroscience waxay ku faraxsan yihiin inay ku dhawaaqaan inay doorteen lix saynisyahano neerfaha si ay u helaan Abaalmarinta Aqoonyahanka McKnight 2022.
Abaalmarinta Aqoonyahanka McKnight waxaa la siiyaa saynisyahano da'da yar kuwaas oo ku jira marxaladaha hore ee aasaasida shaybaaro madax-bannaan iyo xirfado cilmi baaris kuwaas oo muujiyay sida ay uga go'an tahay cilmiga neerfaha. "Culimada sanadkan waxay tusaale u yihiin hal-abuurka iyo casriga farsamada ee maanta hormuudka da'yarta neuroscientists ee dalka oo dhan," ayuu yiri Richard Mooney, PhD, guddoomiyaha guddiga abaalmarinta iyo George Barth Geller Professor of Neurobiology at Duke University School of Medicine.
"Ka faa'iidaysiga hababka bayoolajiga qaabdhismeedka, indhaha, genetics, physiology, xisaabinta iyo dhaqanka, Culimadu waxay raadiyaan fikrado ku saabsan mawduucyada u dhexeeya biophysics-ka ee calaamadaynta neerfaha ilaa qaab-dhismeedka ballaaran ee wareegyada neerfaha, iyo in la caddeeyo saldhigga neuronal ee go'aanka samaynta, habaynta dareenka iyo duulimaadka,” Mooney ayaa yidhi. "Anigoo ku hadlaya magaca guddiga oo dhan, waxaan ugu hambalyeynayaa dhammaan codsadayaasha dadaalkooda cajiibka ah ee cirifka ugu horreeya ee cilmi-baarista cilmiga neerfaha."
Tan iyo markii abaalmarinta la soo bandhigay 1977, abaalmarintan qaaliga ah ee xirfadda hore waxay maalgelisay in ka badan 250 baarayaal hal abuur leh waxayna kicisay boqollaal daah-furnaan ah. Mid kasta oo ka mid ah kuwan soo socda ee McKnight Scholar Award waxay heli doonaan $75,000 sanadkii saddex sano.
| Christine Constantinople, Ph.D. Jaamacadda New York Magaalada New York, NY |
Farsamaynta Wareegga Neural ee Farshaxanka - Baadhista sida moodooyinka gudaha ee dunidu ay uga muuqdaan maskaxda iyo sida wakiilladani ay uga qayb qaataan go'aan qaadashada, gaar ahaan marka shakhsigu galo jawi cusub oo adag. |
| Bradley Dickerson, Ph.D. Jaamacadda Princeton Princeton, NJ |
Jawaab-celinta Isku-Darka ah ee Isku-Darka ah ee Bayooloji 'Gyroscope' - In la baaro sida duqsigu midhaha u isticmaalo jawaab-celinta farsamada ee baalasha iyo gyroscopic halteres si ay labaduba u ilaaliyaan duulimaad deggan oo degdeg ah marka la dhex maro jawi adag, iyo sida habkani u ciyaaro miisaanka neerfaha iyo jirka oo dhan. |
| Markita Landry, Ph.D. Jaamacadda California – Berkeley Berkeley, CA |
Iftiiminta Oxytocin Calaamadaha Maskaxda oo leh Nanosenors Fluorescent Infrared-Dhow - Dhisidda iyo geynta dareemayaasha indhaha kuwaas oo ogaan kara wakhtiga dhabta ah joogitaanka oxytocin neuropeptide, iyo isticmaalka dareemayaashan si ay si fiican ugu caawiyaan in la ogaado isku dheelitir la'aanta kiimikada ee maskaxda. |
| Lauren Orefice, Ph.D. Isbitaalka Guud ee Massachusetts / Dugsiga Caafimaadka Harvard Boston, MA |
Horumarinta, Shaqada, iyo Qallafsanaanta Somatosensory iyo Nidaamyada Viscerosensory ee Cudurka Autism Spectrum - Cilmi-baadhista doorka cillad-darrada dareemaha ee ka qayb-qaatayaasha ASD phenotypes, iyo raadinta daawayn dib u soo celinta shaqada caadiga ah ee nidaamyada durugsan si loo hagaajiyo phenotypes. |
| Kanaka Rajan, Ph.D. Dugsiga Caafimaadka ee Icahn ee Mount Sinai Magaalada New York, NY |
Moodooyinka Shabakadda Neural-ka ee Multiscale si ay u sheegaan Motifs shaqaynta maskaxda - Dhisidda moodallo xisaabeed cusub oo isku xidha isku xidhka neerfaha, dhaqdhaqaaqa iyo hab-dhaqanka iyadoo la adeegsanayo xog-ururinta noole badan (tusaale, zebrafish, duqsiyada miraha, jiirarka), iyo adeegsiga moodooyinkan si loo ogaado ujeeddooyin hawleed caalami ah oo isku xidha dhismaha maskaxda iyo shaqada dhammaan noocyada kala duwan. |
| Weiwei Wang, Ph.D. Jaamacadda Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas, TX |
Fahamka Dhismaha iyo Shaqada Glycinergic Post-Synaptic Assemblies- Barashada qaab dhismeedka molecular iyo shaqada receptor glycine, fasalka weyn ee reseptors inhibitory ee maskaxda, sida synaptic reseptors loo habeeyay on dusha neerfaha iyo sida cufnaanta cufan ee kuwan reseptors awood signal synaptik u dhexeeya neurons. |
Waxaa jiray 53 codsadayaasha sanadkan Abaalmarinta Aqoonyahanka McKnight, oo matalaysa kulliyadaha da'da yar ee ugu wanaagsan ee dalka. Kulliyaddu waxay kaliya u qalmi karaan abaalmarinta afarta sano ee ugu horreeya booska kulliyadda waqti-buuxa. Marka laga soo tago Mooney, guddiga xulashada abaalmarinta Aqoonyahanka waxaa ka mid ahaa Gordon Fishell, Ph.D., Jaamacadda Harvard; Mark Goldman, Ph.D., Jaamacadda California, Davis; Kelsey Martin, MD, Ph.D., Simons Foundation; Jennifer Raymond, Ph.D., Jaamacadda Stanford; Vanessa Ruta, Ph.D., Jaamacadda Rockefeller; iyo Michael Shadlen, MD, Ph.D., Jaamacadda Columbia.
Jadwalka codsiyada abaalmarinta sanadka soo socda ayaa la heli doonaa horraanta Sebtembar. Macluumaad dheeraad ah oo ku saabsan barnaamijyada abaal-marinnada Sayniska ee McKnight's neuroscience, fadlan booqo bogga Sanduuqa Awqaafta boggeeda.
Ku saabsan Sanduuqa Maaliyadda ee McKnight Fund for Neuroscience
Sanduuqa McKnight Endowment for Neuroscience waa urur madax-bannaan oo ay maal-geliso oo keliya The McKnight Foundation ee Minneapolis, Minnesota, waxaana hoggaamiya guddi caan ah oo ku takhasusay neerfayaasha neerfaha ee waddanka oo dhan. Mu'asasada 'McKnight Foundation' waxay taageertay cilmi-baaris xagga maskaxda ah ilaa 1977. Aasaaska wuxuu aasaasay Sanduuqa Endowment 1986 si loo fuliyo mid ka mid ah ujeeddooyinka aasaasihii William L. McKnight (1887-1979). Mid ka mid ah hoggaamiyeyaashii hore ee Shirkadda 3M, wuxuu lahaa dan shaqsiyadeed xagga xusuusta iyo cudurada maskaxda wuxuuna doonayay qayb ka mid ah dhaxalkiisii uu u adeegsan jiray si looga helo daaweyn. Sanduuqa Endowment wuxuu sameeyaa seddex nooc oo abaalmarin ah sanad walba. Marka lagu daro Abaalmarinta Aqoonyahannada McKnight, waxay yihiin McKnight Soo-saarka Tiknolojiyadda ee abaalmarinta Neuroscience, oo bixiya lacag abuur si loo horumariyo wax-soo-saarka farsamada si kor loogu qaado cilmi-baarista maskaxda; iyo McKnight Neurobiology of Brain Disorders Awards, oo loogu talo galay saynisyahano ka shaqeynaya sidii loo dabaqi lahaa aqoonta lagu gaadhay tarjumaadda iyo cilmi-baarista caafimaad ee cilladaha maskaxda maskaxda.
2022 Abaalmarinta Aqoonyahanka McKnight
Christine Constantinople, Ph.D., Kaaliyaha Professor, Xarunta Sayniska Neural ee Jaamacadda New York, Magaalada New York, NY
Farsamaynta Wareegga Neural ee Farshaxanka
Maskaxda xayawaanku waxay si la yaab leh ula qabsatay go'aannada ku salaysan fikradda - fahamka sida dunidu u shaqeyso taas oo gacan ka geysanaysa hagidda in la qaado tallaabo la siiyay iyo in kale. Haddii xayawaanku leeyahay "qaabka" gudaha ee adduunka, go'aan ayaa la samayn karaa iyadoo lagu saleynayo qaabkaas. Laakiin sidee neurons-ku u yimaadaan si ay u matalaan waxyaalaha adduunka? Waa maxay wareegyada iyo hababka dhabta ah ee ku lug leh? Iyo adduun firfircoon, halkaas oo xulashooyinka loo baahan yahay in lagu sameeyo macluumaad aan dhammaystirnayn ama aan la aqoonsan, sidee bay xayawaanku u go'aansadaan sida loo dhigo "khiyaarta" tallaabada ugu fiican?
Baadhitaankeeda, Dr. Constantinople waxa ay la shaqaynaysaa qaabka jiirka si ay u daaha ka qaaddo waxa qaybaha maskaxdu ay ku lug leeyihiin wax ka sheegista waxyaalaha ku saabsan aduunka, iyo kala duwanaanshaha neerfaha ee u dhexeeya samaynta go'aanka garashada ee deegaan aan la hubin ama dib ugu noqoshada ficilka caadada ah. Tijaabadu waxay ku lug leedahay sugitaanka abaalmarinta biyaha ee la yaqaan, ama "ka bixida" rajada ah in abaalmarinta soo socota ee la bixiyo ay qiimo badan tahay. Waxaa jira cadad abaal-marineed oo kala duwan, waxaana lagu soo bandhigaa qaab u oggolaanaya jiirku inuu dhiso nooc ka mid ah natiijooyinka kala duwan ee la filayo, inkastoo uusan hubin karin, sababtoo ah qaar ka mid ah abaal-marinnada ayaa mugdi ku jira xaaladda hawsha.
Iyadoo la kormeerayo dhaqdhaqaaqa maskaxda ee gobollo badan iyo saadaalo gaar ah inta lagu jiro labadaba la saadaalin karo iyo kuwa aan la saadaalin karin iyo isbeddellada dhexdooda, iyo kicinta gobollada maskaxda ee gaarka ah iyo waddooyinka neerfaha ee tijaabooyin kala duwan, Dr. Constantine ayaa soo jeedinaya in la aqoonsado hababka ku lug leh faragelinta. Waxay soo jeedinaysaa in habab kala duwan ay ku lug leeyihiin marka la dooranayo ficil ku salaysan qaab maskaxeed vs. go'aamo bilaash ah; in nukleiyada thalamic ee kala duwan ay si gooni gooni ah u qeexayaan abaalmarinta iyo taariikhda jiirka; iyo in kortex orbitofrontal (OFC) uu isku daro labadan waxyaalood oo is dulsaaran laakiin kala duwan si loo qiyaaso dawlado aan la garanayn. Shaqadani waxa laga yaabaa inay caawiso cilmi-baadhista mustaqbalka ee ku lug leh xaaladaha, sida schizophrenia ama xanuunka waswaaska ah, kaas oo ay bukaannadu u muuqdaan inay leeyihiin qaab gudaha ah oo daciif ah si ay u caawiyaan hagida habdhaqanka.
Bradley Dickerson, Ph.D., Kaaliyaha Professor, Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ
Jawaab-celinta Isku-Darka ah ee Isku-Darka ah ee Bayooloji 'Gyroscope'
Nidaamka neerfayaasha wuxuu ururiyaa oo ku dhaqmaa macluumaadka soo gala gudaha millise seconds - marna falcelin adag oo fiilada leh, marna ulajeedo. Laakiin barashada sida calaamadahani u saameeyaan dhaqdhaqaaqa xayawaanka nool waxay soo bandhigayaan caqabado. Waxaa jirtay shaqo heerka neerfayaasha shaqsiyeed, iyo sidoo kale miisaanka dhaqdhaqaaqa jirka oo dhan. Dr. Dickerson waxa uu soo jeedinayaa in la isku xidho miisaannadan kala duwan iyo sidoo kale in la xalliyo heerka xakamaynta duqsiyada miraha ay ku leeyihiin shirarka murqaha garabka qaarkood iyada oo loo marayo tijaabo lagu baranayo xubno farsamo oo khaas ah oo u gaar ah duqsiga loo yaqaan halteres.
Halteres-yadu waxay ogaadaan xoogag wareeg ah oo saameeya duqsiga waxayna si toos ah u siiyaan tilmaamo aan ikhtiyaari ahayn murqaha garabka si ay u magdhabaan, iyagoo u dhaqmaya sida nooc ka mid ah gyroscope-ka tooska ah. Laakiin cilmi-baaris hore, Dr. Dickerson wuxuu muujiyay haltere sidoo kale wuxuu dhaqaajin karaa ficillada isteerinka garbaha ee saxda ah maqnaanshaha wareegyada, ka jawaabista tilmaamaha xakamaynta firfircoon ee maskaxda. Cilmi-baadhistiisa cusub, waxa uu sahamin doonaa hababka xakamaynta ee dhaqdhaqaaqyada duulimaadka marka duqsigu la kulmo dareenka dareenka. Duqsiyadaan waxaa lagu xiraa fagaaraha waxaana la socda mikroskoob epiflourescent ah kaas oo ogaan kara dhaqdhaqaaqa neerfaha ee muruqyada haltere. Tijaabooyin kala duwan, mikroskoob laba sawir leh oo ka sarreeya duqsiga ayaa la socon doona dhaqdhaqaaqa maskaxda, iyada oo kamarad ka hoosaysa la socodka dhaqdhaqaaqa garabka. Dareen-kicinta muuqaalku waxay ka soo muuqdaan duulista ka hor, taasoo kicinaysa dhacdooyinka isteerinka, oo u oggolaanaya Dr. Dickerson inuu ku eego miisaanyo badan sida uu mooshinku ku yimaado.
Dr. Dickerson waxa uu soo jeedinayaa in haltere-ku leeyahay habab kontorool oo gaar ah oo la shaqaaleysiin karo inta lagu jiro rafaadka si loo bixiyo xakamaynta ugu badan ee dukhsiga. Xakamaynta injineernimada lingo, wuxuu rumaysan yahay in haltere-ku uu ka falcelin karo labada saami (xajmiga qaska) iyo isku dhafan (sida ay dhibtu isu beddesho waqti ka dib) jawaab celin - casriyeyn ka weyn sidii hore loo rumaysan yahay. Marka laga soo tago tan, wuxuu rajeynayaa inuu diiwaangeliyo sida dhammaan nidaamyadan ay u wada shaqeeyaan, barashada waxa neerfayaasha u soo diraan calaamadaha muruqyada, iyo sida ay tani u horseeddo dhaqdhaqaaqyo gaar ah - abuurista qaabka sida maskaxda, neerfayaasha, iyo murqaha ay u xiriiraan taas oo horumarin karta fahamkeena sida dhaqdhaqaaqa loo xakameeyo.
Markita Landry, Ph.D., Kaaliyaha Professor, Jaamacadda California - Berkeley, Waaxda Kiimikada iyo Injineerinka Biomolecular, Berkely, CA
Iftiiminta Oxytocin Calaamadaha Maskaxda oo leh Nanosensors Fluorescent Infrared-Dhow
Isku dheelitir la'aanta kiimikaad ee maskaxda ayaa la rumeysan yahay inay la xiriirto cuduro badan oo neerfaha ah ee aadanaha, laakiin hadda lama arki karo waxa kiimikooyinka ku jira maskaxda oo leh saxnaanta gacanta. Cilmi baaristeeda, Dr. Landry waxay raadineysaa inay abuurto nanosensor kaas oo ogaan kara oxytocin, mid ka mid ah fasalada neuropeptides ee la aaminsan yahay inay door ku leeyihiin habaynta niyadda iyo dabeecadda, sidaas darteed waxay awood u siinaysaa cilmi-baaris taas oo gacan ka geysan karta xaqiijinta doorka neuropeptides maalinba maalinta ka dambaysa. nolosha, iyo in ka badan si sax ah u baadho dheelitir la'aanta neurochemical ee u horseedi kara xanuunnada caafimaadka maskaxda.
Shaqada Dr. Landry waxay ku lug leedahay abuurista "baaritaannada indhaha" - miniscule carbon nanotubes oo leh peptide ku xiran dusha sare kaas oo ku qulquli doona iftiinka infrared-ka dhow marka joogitaanka oxytocin. Iftiinkan waxaa lagu ogaan karaa si sax ah oo aad u sarreeya oo ku saabsan saacadda millisecond, u oggolaanaysa cilmi-baarayaashu inay si sax ah u arkaan meesha iyo goorta ay ku jirto maskaxda, si ay u caddeeyaan shuruudaha sii-deynta oxytocin laga yaabo inay daciifto (oo sidaas lagu daweyn karo) niyadda, dhaqanka, iyo bulshada. cillado. Dr. Landry wuxuu abuuray baaritaanno isku mid ah oo loogu talagalay serotonin iyo dopamine, laakiin abuurista baaritaan cusub oo loogu talagalay oxytocin kaliya ma oggolaan doonto cilmi-baaris ku saabsan saameynteeda maskaxda, laakiin fasalka dhan ee neuropeptides sida.
Muhiimad ahaan, nanotubes-kan waxaa lagu soo galin karaa unug maskaxda dibadda; fluorescence ma aha natiijada codeing hidde, sidaas darteed waxa loo isticmaali karaa on xayawaanka aan la beddelin. Sababtoo ah waxay sii daayaan iftiinka infrared-ka dhow, waxaa suurtogal ah in iftiinka lagu ogaan karo cranium, taas oo awood u siinaysa khalkhal yar oo ku yimaada maadooyinka. Tijaabada Dr. Landry, horumarinta nanosensors-yada iyo qalabka wax-sheegayaasha ayaa lagu ansixin doonaa tijaabada in vitro iyada oo la adeegsanayo jeexjeexyada maskaxda, oo ugu dambeyntii lagu dabaqo vivo, markaas ayaa la go'aamin doonaa haddii sawir-qaadista maskaxda ay suurtagal tahay. Dareemayaashan oo ah qalab ahaan, Dr. Landry wuxuu rajeynayaa inuu gacan ka geysto hagaajinta ogaanshaha cilladaha neerfaha oo sidaas darteed hoos u dhigista iyo hagaajinta daaweynta xaalado badan oo noocaas ah.
Lauren Orefice, Ph.D., Isbitaalka Guud ee Massachusetts / Dugsiga Caafimaadka Harvard, Boston, MA
Horumarinta, Shaqada, iyo Qallafsanaanta Somatosensory iyo Nidaamyada Viscerosensory ee Cudurka Autism Spectrum
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) waa xanuun aad u baahsan laakiin aad u qalafsan oo neerfaha ah, oo inta badan lala xiriiriyo isbeddelka habdhaqanka bulshada. Xaalado badan, ASD waxay la xiriirtaa isbeddellada hidde-sideyaasha qaarkood, waxayna inta badan la timaadaa cudurrada qaarkood, qaar ka mid ah kuwa ugu badan oo ay ka mid yihiin dareen-celinta taabasho iyo arrimo kala duwan oo caloosha ah.
ASD dhaqan ahaan waxa loo malaynayay in ay sababto cilladaha aan caadiga ahayn ee maskaxda, laakiin cilmi-baadhisteeda, Dr. dabeecadaha bulshada. Cilmi baaristeeda hadda waxay diiradda saari doontaa in dareemayaasha dareemayaasha dareemayaasha ee ganglia xididka dhabarka (DRG) ee lagu ogaado kicinta mareenka caloosha iyo mindhicirka ay sidoo kale yihiin kuwo aan caadi ahayn moodooyinka jiirka ee ASD, iyo haddii tani ay gacan ka geysato dhibaatooyinka caloosha iyo mindhicirka sida xanuunka caloosha oo kordhay kaas oo si cajiib ah u caadi ah ASD
Shaqada Dr. Sida aadanaha, dhinacyo badan oo ka mid ah dabeecadaha bulsho ee jiirka ayaa ku lug leh dareenka taabashada. Qaybta labaad ee cilmi-baadhisteeda, Dr.
Ugu dambayntii, Dr. Dr. Orefice ayaa marka hore tijaabin doona in hababka yareynaya dareenka dareenka neerfaha ay hagaajin karaan taabasho xad-dhaaf ah iyo dhibaatooyinka caloosha iyo mindhicirka ee jiirarka. Waxay ka faa'iidaysan doontaa natiijooyinkan jiirarka si ay si fiican u fahmaan physiology bini'aadamka iyadoo la adeegsanayo daraasadaha unugyada dhaqameed ee laga soo qaatay dadka qaba ASD. Shaqada Dr.
Kanaka Rajan, Ph.D., Kaaliyaha Professor, Waaxda Neuroscience & Machadka Maskaxda ee Friedman ee Dugsiga Daawada ee Icahn ee Mount Sinai, New York City, NY
Moodooyinka Shabakadda Neural-ka ee Multiscale si ay u sheegaan Motifs shaqaynta maskaxda
Kor u kaca sirdoonka macmal (AI) iyo barashada mashiinka, saynisyahanada neerfayaasha ayaa ka faa'iidaysanaya qalabkan si ay u dhisaan moodooyin xisaabeed oo naga caawin kara fahamka sida maskaxdu u shaqeyso. Laakiin su'aasha ugu weyni waa: Waa maxay heerka saxda ah ee lagu baranayo hababka neerfaha? Ma heerka neerfayaasha shaqsiyeed, wareegyada maskaxda, lakabyada, gobollada, ama qaar isku dhafan?
Dr. Rajan wuxuu la tacaalayaa su'aashan isaga oo ka faa'iideysanaya awoodda moodooyinka AI-ku-saleysan iyo isku-darka xogta laga helay duubista noocyada kala duwan si loo sameeyo si ka sii wanaagsan, saadaalin badan oo maskaxda ah. Isticmaalka moodooyinka shabakada neerfaha ee soo noqnoqda (RNNs), Dr. Rajan waxa uu ogaaday in xannibaadyo badan la saaray moodooyinka xisaabinta ay keentay natiijooyin joogto ah iyo goobo yar oo adag oo xal ah. Waxay tan iyo markaas u jeesatay inay horumariso RNN-yo badan oo kala duwan halkaasoo xannibaaduhu ay yihiin neural, dabeecad, iyo xogta anatomical ee tijaabooyinka dhabta ah, oo isla mar ahaantaana lagu dabaqo. Tallaabada xigta waxay noqon doontaa in ay abuurto RNN-yo badan iyada oo la adeegsanayo xogtan laga duubay noocyo badan oo si fiican loogu bartay cilmiga neerfayaasha - zebrafish dirxiga, duqsiga miraha, iyo jiirarka - si loo abuuro moodallo.
Ugu dambeyntii, isticmaalka xog-ururinta noocyada kala duwan waxay u oggolaan doontaa Dr. Rajan inuu aqoonsado "Motifs Functional" oo u isticmaalo si uu u ogaado waxyaabaha lama filaanka ah ee la wadaago iyo kala-duwanaanta nidaamyadan. Isku-dhafkan caadiga ah, ee kala duwan ee neerfayaasha firfircoon ee ku xiran dabeecadaha la midka ah iyo dawladaha, iyada oo aan loo eegin noocyada, waxay naga caawin doonaan inaan ogaano sida maskaxdu u shaqeyso heer asaasi ah iyada oo aan lahayn eexasho ama u qoondaynta qaababka sida gobollada maskaxda oo leh hawlo gaar ah oo mudnaanta leh. Xogta la heli karo, moodooyinkani waxay wadi karaan xaalado badan waxayna aqoonsan karaan isbeddellada qaabdhismeedka ama dhaqdhaqaaqa neerfaha ee keena natiijooyinka dabeecadaha kala duwan. Tani waxay awood u leedahay inay iftiimiso cilladaha neerfaha ee la xidhiidha cudurro nafsiyeed oo kala duwan. Iyada oo ay soo ifbaxday xog-ururin aad u ballaadhan oo faahfaahsan oo ku saabsan cilmiga neerfaha, korodhka helitaanka awoodda xisaabinta weyn, iyo horumarka xisaabta iyo algorithms, Dr. Rajan waxa uu rumaysan yahay in aanu ku jirno cirifka kacaanka waxa moodooyinka xisaabinta iyo aragtida na bari karaan maskaxda.
Weiwei Wang, Ph.D., Kaaliyaha Professor, Jaamacadda Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
Fahamka Dhismaha iyo Shaqada Glycinergic Post-Synaptic Assemblies
Habka neurons-ku ula xiriiraan midba midka kale waa mid aad u adag: neurotransmitters ayaa laga gudbiyaa hal neuron ilaa kan xiga ee synapses, oo tilmaamaya soo-qabayaasha synaptika ee neuron-ka qaata si ay u furaan oo u sameeyaan kanaalo u oggolaanaya ions inay dhex maraan, oo sidaas u gudbiyaan signalka korantada. Si kastaba ha noqotee, haddii synapsesku ay ku guuldareystaan inay shaqeeyaan ama ay ku guuldareystaan inay sameeyaan, daciifnimada calaamadahani waxay gacan ka geysan karaan xanuunka neerfaha. Dr. Wang wuxuu raadinayaa inuu ballaariyo fahamkayaga synapses-yadan, sida ay u sameeyaan, iyo sida ay u shaqeeyaan - gaar ahaan, sida ay u habeeyaan soo-dhoweynta synaptika ee kooxo, iyo sababta ay muhiim u tahay in soo-dhoweeyayaashu ay isugu soo ururaan heerar sare - iyagoo si faahfaahsan u baranaya glycinergic isku buuqid.
In kasta oo si caddaalad ah loo diiwaangeliyay, su'aalo badan ayaa weli ku saabsan synapse glycinergic. Waxa jira tiro noocyo hoosaadyo ah (mid ka mid ah kuwaa oo jira uun goor hore ee korriinka maskaxda) oo leh doorar iyo qaybin kala duwan oo qaab-dhismeedkoodu aanu caddayn, sidoo kale habka ay uga fal-celiyaan borotiinka is-daba-mareenka ah si ay u sameeyaan kooxo. Doorka samaynta kooxdu lafteedu waa qarsoodi - ma cadda haddii ay u baahan yihiin inay wada joogaan cufnaan gaar ah si ay si sax ah ugu shaqeeyaan, iyo haddii ay sidaas tahay, sababta. Mid kasta oo ka mid ah kuwan aan la garanayn waxay soo bandhigaysaa dhibco kale oo cilladaha qaarkood ay keeni karaan xanuunka neerfaha, sida hyperekplexia (oo loo yaqaan 'startle syndrome') iyo xanuunka bararka ee suurtogalka ah.
Dr. Wang waxa uu si nidaamsan u higsan doonaa in uu wax badan ka barto mid kasta oo ka mid ah sirahan, isaga oo isticmaalaya microscopy-ka cryo-electron si uu si sax ah u aqoonsado qaab-dhismeedka molecular ee nooc-hoosaad kasta oo aan wali la xalin oo uu ogaado sida mid kastaa u shaqeeyo; tijaabinta sida qashinka ay ku urursan yihiin receptors glycine ay ka samaysan yihiin borotiinada gephyrin, neuroligin-2, iyo collybistin; iyo ugu dambeyntii tijaabiyeyaasha la nadiifiyey ee xuubka macmalka ah, marka hore go'doonsanaan, ka dibna ku xiran shafka, ka dibna ku xira shafka ku jira koox si loo arko sida shaqadu isu beddesho. In kasta oo cilmi-baaris lagu sameeyay sida kanaalada kali-taliska ah ay u shaqeeyaan, daraasaddan saameynta isku-ururinta ayaa laga yaabaa inay furto waddooyin cusub oo faham ah, maadaama soo-dhoweeyayaasha synaptika ay inta badan ku urursan yihiin neerfaha nool.
